Compressed Biogas (CBG) is also known as biomethane or renewable natural gas (RNG). Compressed Biogas is rapidly emerging as a promising contender in the fight against climate change and a key player in the transition towards a sustainable future. This gas, derived from organic waste sources, offers a cleaner and greener alternative to conventional fossil fuels.
Let’s delve into the world of CBG, exploring its potential, applications, and the latest advancements in this exciting field.
What is Compressed Biogas (CBG)?
Compressed Biogas – CBG is a renewable gaseous fuel produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic matter like agricultural residues, animal dung, food waste, and municipal solid waste. The process involves decomposing organic materials in an oxygen-free environment, resulting in a mixture of gases primarily composed of methane (CH4). Biogas, as it is initially called, requires purification to remove impurities like carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and moisture. This refined and compressed gas, containing over 90% methane, becomes CBG, boasting properties similar to conventional compressed natural gas (CNG).
Compressed Biogas (CBG) is a form of biogas that is purified and compressed to serve as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Derived from organic waste materials such as agricultural residue, municipal waste, and industrial by-products like press mud from sugar mills, CBG is produced through the process of anaerobic digestion. This process involves the breakdown of organic material by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of biogas, which is primarily methane.
The biogas is then purified to remove impurities and carbon dioxide, and compressed to increase its energy density, making it suitable for use as a fuel in vehicles, industrial processes, and for heating purposes. The promotion of CBG production aligns with global and national objectives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, decrease reliance on fossil fuels, and support sustainable waste management practices.
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Why is CBG Important?
CBG holds immense potential for addressing several critical challenges:
Combating Climate Change: CBG offers a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. By replacing traditional fuels, it helps mitigate climate change and its detrimental effects.
Waste Management: The use of organic waste for CBG production not only converts waste into valuable fuel but also reduces landfilling and associated environmental pollution.
Energy Security: CBG offers a domestic source of energy, decreasing dependence on imported fossil fuels and enhancing energy security.
Economic Opportunity: The CBG sector presents exciting job creation opportunities in areas like plant operation, waste collection, and transportation.
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Applications of CBG
CBG’s versatility expands its application across various sectors:
- Transportation: CBG can power vehicles like cars, buses, and trucks, contributing to cleaner transportation and reduced emissions in urban areas.
- Industry: Industrial facilities can utilize CBG to meet their energy demands, replacing fossil fuels and lowering carbon footprint.
- Power Generation: CBG can be injected into natural gas pipelines or used for electricity generation, diversifying the energy mix and promoting renewable sources.
- Cooking and Heating: CBG can be used for cooking and heating in homes and commercial establishments, providing a clean and sustainable alternative to conventional fuels.
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Latest Advancements in CBG Technology
Research and development in CBG technology are ongoing, leading to exciting advancements:
Waste Pretreatment: Improved pretreatment methods enhance biogas yield and efficiency from diverse feedstocks.
Upgradation Technologies: Novel membrane-based and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technologies offer efficient and cost-effective biogas purification.
Biorefineries: Integrating CBG production with biorefineries unlocks opportunities for producing valuable bio-based products like fertilizers and chemicals.
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The Future of CBG
The future of CBG looks bright, fueled by growing environmental concerns, supportive government policies, and technological advancements. Increased availability of feedstock, development of efficient production and distribution infrastructure, and cost reduction through economies of scale are crucial for wider adoption. With continued research and development, CBG holds the potential to become a mainstream fuel, contributing significantly to a cleaner and more sustainable future.
In addition to the points covered above, here are some further considerations:
- Global Initiatives: International collaborations like the Global Biogas Alliance are promoting best practices and accelerating CBG adoption worldwide.
- Sustainability Concerns: Ensuring sustainable feedstock sourcing and minimizing land-use change are crucial for CBG’s long-term sustainability.
- Public Awareness: Raising awareness about the benefits of CBG can encourage wider acceptance and adoption of this clean fuel.
As we move towards a more sustainable future, CBG presents a viable and promising solution. By capitalizing on its potential and addressing existing challenges, we can pave the way for a cleaner and greener world powered by this renewable fuel.
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India’s Strategic Move to Cut Energy Imports and Boost Clean Fuel Adoption
India’s heavy reliance on imported crude oil and natural gas, constituting approximately 77% and 50% of its total requirements respectively, has prompted the Government of India to implement strategic measures aimed at reducing this dependency. A significant target has been set to decrease these imports by at least 10% by the year 2022. Concurrently, there’s an ambitious goal to elevate the share of gas in India’s energy mix from the current 6.5% to 15% by 2022, to align closer with the global average of 23.5%. Source
The Role of CBG in India’s Energy Transition
Transforming Waste into Energy
Compressed Bio Gas (CBG), derived from bio-degradable organic waste through anaerobic decomposition, emerges as a pivotal element in this energy transformation. This process involves purifying biogas to remove impurities and compressing it to create CBG, which boasts of over 90% methane content. The utilization of agricultural residues, cattle dung, municipal solid waste (MSW), and other organic wastes not only aids in producing this clean fuel but also significantly reduces environmental pollution.
Wide-ranging Benefits
The commercial production of CBG is expected to deliver multifaceted benefits:
- Reduced Import Dependency: By substituting natural gas and crude oil with CBG, India aims to alleviate its heavy import bills and enhance energy security.
- Environmental Impact: The conversion of agricultural residue and MSW into CBG will significantly mitigate emissions, addressing national climate change commitments.
- Economic and Social Advantages: The CBG sector promises to bolster the rural economy through additional revenue streams for farmers and creating employment opportunities, thereby contributing to the Swachh Bharat Mission by promoting responsible waste management.
- Stubble Burning Solution: With only 25% of crop residue currently being utilized, CBG production offers a sustainable alternative to stubble burning, a major air quality concern.
Policy and Regulatory Support
National Policy on Bio-Fuels 2018
The government’s commitment is further underscored by the National Policy on Bio-Fuels 2018, which advocates for the advancement of biofuels, including CBG. This policy framework is designed to stimulate investment and innovation in the biofuel sector.
Legal Framework for Bio-CNG
In line with promoting cleaner fuel alternatives, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has officially sanctioned the use of bio-compressed natural gas (bio-CNG) for vehicles, marking a significant step towards reducing reliance on conventional CNG and fostering a cleaner automotive industry.
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India’s Biogas Boom: Compressed Biogas Propelling a Sustainable Future
By embracing CBG, India can set a global example for transitioning to a clean, sustainable, and resource-efficient energy future.
India, with its vast population and growing energy needs, faces a crucial challenge: balancing development with environmental responsibility. In this context, Compressed Biogas (CBG) emerges as a game-changer, offering a clean, renewable fuel source with immense potential. Here, we delve into the Indian CBG landscape, exploring its growth, challenges, and exciting prospects for the future.
India’s Advantage: Abundant Feedstock and Supportive Policies
India possesses a unique advantage for CBG production – a staggering amount of organic waste. From agricultural residues and animal dung to municipal solid waste, the potential feedstock is abundant. Recognizing this opportunity, the Indian government has launched several initiatives to promote CBG:
Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT): This ambitious scheme aims to establish 5,000 CBG plants by 2024, targeting 15 million metric tonnes (MMT) of annual production.
Financial Incentives: The government offers subsidies, grants, and loans to encourage CBG plant establishment and waste-to-wealth creation.
Regulatory Support: Streamlined licensing processes and favorable policies like blending mandates for CBG in CNG further boost growth.
Current Scenario: Progress and Hurdles
India’s CBG sector is witnessing remarkable growth. As of December 2023:
- 74 operational plants are delivering CBG, with 432 more in the pipeline.
- Investment inflow exceeds ₹20,000 crores, signifying investor confidence.
- Job creation opportunities are flourishing, impacting rural and urban communities.
However, challenges remain:
Feedstock availability: Ensuring consistent and reliable feedstock supply across geographically diverse regions is crucial.
Technology adoption: While advances are happening, wider adoption of cost-effective and efficient technologies is needed.
Infrastructure gap: Building robust infrastructure for CBG transportation and distribution is essential.
Latest Updates: Opportunities and Innovations
The CBG sector in India is brimming with exciting developments:
- Focus on rural development: Integrating CBG with rural livelihood programs empowers communities and generates income.
- Waste-to-wealth model: Utilizing industrial and agro-industrial waste as feedstock expands resource utilization and promotes circularity.
- Technological advancements: Biorefineries integrating CBG production with bioproduct generation offer exciting possibilities.
Looking Ahead: A Sustainable Future Fueled by Biogas
With growing government support, innovative technologies, and increasing awareness, India’s CBG sector is poised for exponential growth. This can lead to:
Reduced dependence on fossil fuels and enhanced energy security.
Cleaner air and environment: Lower greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change mitigation.
Sustainable waste management: Efficient waste utilization, reducing landfilling and associated pollution.
Economic growth and job creation: Boosting rural and urban economies through diverse opportunities.
By addressing existing challenges and capitalizing on these opportunities, India can truly realize the potential of CBG and create a more sustainable future fueled by this clean and renewable energy source.
Key Additional Points
Several states are implementing their own CBG policies, further accelerating growth.
Public-private partnerships and collaborations are driving innovation and project development.
Research and development efforts are crucial for cost reduction and technology optimization.
Raising awareness and capacity building are essential for wider adoption and community participation.
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Example
Bajaj Sugar and EverEnviro Collaborate to Establish CBG Plants in Uttar Pradesh
Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar Limited (Bajaj Sugar), Asia’s largest owner of crushing capacity, has formed a strategic partnership with EverEnviro Private Limited, India’s leading compressed biogas (CBG) player, to set up CBG plants across Uttar Pradesh. This initiative is set to utilize the 500,000 M.T. of press mud generated annually by Bajaj Sugar’s 14 operational sugar mills, paving the way for a potential total CBG plant capacity of 70 M.T. per day.
Bajaj Sugar’s Commitment to Renewable Energy
Kushagra Bajaj, the Chairman of Bajaj Group, emphasized the company’s longstanding commitment to nation-building and its alignment with the Indian government’s efforts to promote CBG production as an eco-friendly fuel alternative. This move is in line with the objective to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and leverage press mud, a by-product of sugar milling, for green energy production.
EverEnviro Leading the Way in CBG Production
EverEnviro stands at the forefront of CBG production in India, with operational projects across multiple states. The collaboration with Bajaj Sugar is expected to significantly enhance CBG production capacity, utilizing agro waste and other organic waste materials, thereby contributing to environmental sustainability and reducing fossil fuel dependency.
A Milestone for Sustainable Energy Solutions
Mahesh Girdhar, MD and CEO of EverEnviro, views the partnership as a significant milestone towards sustainable energy solutions. The initiative aims to boost CBG production while promoting regenerative agriculture through the use of organic manure produced as a CBG by-product, thus enhancing soil health and fertility.
A New Chapter in Bajaj Sugar’s Growth Story
Bajaj Sugar explores innovative strategies to leverage its press mud for green fuel production. The company’s approach includes selling press mud at predetermined prices or taking equity in the CBG project alongside EverEnviro. This strategy aims to add a new dimension to Bajaj Sugar’s portfolio, incorporating green fuels like CBG and Ethanol into its sustainable revenue model.
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India Govt. Mandates Compressed Bio-Gas Blending in CGD Sector to Foster Green Energy Transition
Comprehensive Strategy Unveiled to Encourage CBG Production and Use, Aiming for Net Zero Emissions
In New Delhi on 25 November 2023, in a landmark move towards green energy transition and self-reliance in energy, the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, led by Shri Hardeep Singh Puri, has announced the implementation of a mandatory Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) blending in the City Gas Distribution (CGD) sector, covering both CNG (Transport) and PNG (Domestic) segments. This ambitious initiative, disclosed by the National Biofuels Coordination Committee (NBCC), is set to catalyze investment, encourage sustainable practices, and significantly contribute to India’s net zero emission goals.
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CBG Blending Obligation: A Leap Towards Green Future
The Path to Sustainability
The CBG Blending Obligation (CBO) strategy is designed to inject momentum into the adoption of CBG, aiming to replace conventional fuels with greener alternatives. With a phased approach, the CBO will transition from voluntary in the financial year 2024-25 to mandatory from 2025-26 onwards, setting progressive blending targets that culminate in a 5% obligation by 2028-29.
Investment and Development
Underlining the economic and environmental benefits, Minister Puri highlighted the policy’s potential to attract investments worth approximately Rs. 37,500 crores. This influx of capital is expected to support the establishment of around 750 CBG projects across the nation by the 2028-29 timeline, marking a significant stride towards energy self-sufficiency and sustainability.
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Fostering a Circular Economy
Promoting Ethanol and SAF Production
Parallel efforts to boost ethanol production from maize were discussed, with multiple departments coming together to enhance maize’s role as a key feedstock. This initiative not only aims to increase the starch yield and improve grain quality but also seeks to expand the knowledge and capabilities of distillers and seed companies.
In addition, the committee set initial indicative blending targets for Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF/Bio-ATF), aiming for a 1% blend by 2027 and 2% by 2028 for international flights. This move underscores the broader commitment to integrating biofuels across various energy sectors, further diversifying India’s energy portfolio and reducing dependency on imported fuels.
Implementation and Oversight
Ensuring Compliance and Monitoring Progress
A Central Repository Body (CRB) is tasked with overseeing the effective implementation of the CBG blending mandate, following operational guidelines endorsed by the Minister. This body will play a crucial role in ensuring the initiative’s success, tracking progress, and facilitating adjustments as needed to meet the ambitious targets set forth.
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Towards a Greener, Self-Reliant India
The introduction of the CBG Blending Obligation represents a pivotal moment in India’s journey towards environmental sustainability and energy independence. By fostering innovation, encouraging investments, and setting clear targets, the government is laying the groundwork for a cleaner, greener future. As these initiatives unfold, the anticipated benefits span economic, environmental, and social spheres, marking a significant step forward in the global effort to combat climate change and promote a circular economy.
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Boosting Green Energy: Government Sets Targets for Small Biogas Plant Installations in FY 2023-24
Under the National Biogas Programme, the Ministry outlines ambitious goals for the deployment of small biogas plants across various states and regions.
In an ambitious push towards enhancing sustainable and renewable energy sources within India, the Ministry has officially announced the allocation of physical targets for the establishment of small biogas plants for the fiscal year 2023-24. This move is part of the ongoing efforts under the Biogas Programme, aimed at converting waste to energy, thereby promoting environmental sustainability and energy self-sufficiency.
Background and Approval
Following the guidelines issued on 2nd November 2022, under the Biogas Programme’s operational memorandum (O.M. No. 300/2/2020-Waste to Energy), the competent authority has approved the setting up of small biogas plants. This initiative aligns with the previously stated terms and conditions, ensuring continuity and efficiency in the program’s implementation. The approval signifies a substantial step forward in the government’s commitment to renewable energy and waste management solutions.
Target Allocation and Implementation
The Ministry has outlined specific physical targets for the establishment of these plants, distributing them across states and respective Programme Implementing Agencies (PIAs). These targets are accompanied by a mandate for conducting various training courses, enhancing the capacity and efficiency of the stakeholders involved. The designated PIAs are urged to promptly initiate actions to achieve these targets, focusing on quality construction, proper commissioning, and the functional operation of the biogas plants.
Operational Guidelines and Amendments
To facilitate smooth execution, the Ministry has reiterated the importance of adhering to the administrative guidelines and the amendments introduced. These directives encompass the operational framework, ensuring the program’s objectives are met with high standards and sustainable practices. Additionally, the PIAs are encouraged to devise and periodically review their implementation strategies, ensuring progressive achievements and timely reporting to the Ministry.
Ministry’s Directive and Ministerial Approval
This initiative is propelled by the Ministry’s authority and the support from the Integrated Finance Division (IFD), highlighting the collaborative effort within the government to promote renewable energy sources. The endorsement by the Hon’ble Minister for Power, New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, further underscores the program’s significance and the government’s dedication to green energy initiatives.
Call to Action
The allocation of physical targets for small biogas plants marks a critical step in India’s journey towards energy sustainability and environmental stewardship. By leveraging the potential of biogas technology, the country is set to reduce its carbon footprint and foster a greener future. The designated PIAs, in coordination with state and central authorities, are poised to play a pivotal role in this transformative endeavor, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in renewable energy and waste management.
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Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar Limited (Bajaj Sugar) and EverEnviro Private Limited have joined hands to set up CBG (compressed biogas) plants in Uttar Pradesh.
Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar presently generates around 500,000 M.T. of press mud annually from its 14 operational sugar mills which can potentially help set up CBG plants with a total capacity of 70 M.T. per day.
Bajaj Sugar is Asia’s largest owner of crushing capacity and globally one of the largest.
Promoting and encouraging the setting up of CBG plants
On the development, Bajaj Group Chairman, Kushagra Bajaj’s office said, “Bajaj Group has been in business for more than 90 years now and the focus has always been on nation-building. The Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh has been promoting and encouraging the setting up of CBG plants and the production of CBG as renewable gas in line with the country’s objective to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. CBG is an eco-friendly fuel derived from various waste streams. Press-mud from sugar mills is one such main by-product that Bajaj Sugar aims to utilize to produce green energy.”
EverEnviro Operations
EverEnviro is India’s largest CBG player as of date with projects already commissioned and operational and projects under commissioning in M.P., U.P., Delhi and Punjab based on municipal organic waste, agro waste from paddy fields and residue waste from sugarcane crushing.
Significantly boost the CBG production capacity
“Our partnership with Bajaj Hindusthan Sugar Limited marks a significant milestone in our journey towards sustainable energy solutions. Through this alliance, EverEnviro will leverage its expertise to develop, operate, and scale up CBG projects across Uttar Pradesh. The steady supply of press mud from Bajaj Hindusthan’s sugar mills will significantly boost the CBG production capacity of our plants. Furthermore, the fermented organic manure produced as a byproduct of CBG will promote regenerative agriculture, enhancing soil health and fertility in the region. This initiative aligns perfectly with our nation’s objective of reducing fossil fuel dependency and promoting environmental sustainability”, said Mahesh Girdhar, MD and CEO, EverEnviro Resource Management Pvt Ltd.
India CSR Exculsive
Under the bilateral arrangement with EverEnviro, Bajaj Sugar will have the option to either sell press-mud at predetermined long-term prices and / or take equity in the CBG plant project alongside EverEnviro.
Leveraging on its experience of operating in Uttar Pradesh, Bajaj Sugar will overall pursue a mixed strategy to realize partial value for its press-mud as fixed value in cash and partial value by way of taking equity in the CBG project. This starts a new chapter in Bajaj Sugar’s growth story, adding another green fuel to our portfolio (in addition to Ethanol), as part of a sustainable revenue model.
India’s Biogas Revolution: A Leap Towards Sustainable Energy and Empowerment
Phase-I of the National Bioenergy Programme: A strategic initiative to harness biogas potential, boost rural employment, and promote clean energy.
In the face of rising environmental concerns and the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions, India embarks on a transformative journey with the launch of Phase-I of the National Bioenergy Programme. Spanning from FY 2021-22 to 2025-26, this initiative aims to leverage the country’s massive livestock population and organic waste to fuel a biogas revolution, setting the stage for a greener, more self-reliant India.
The Potential of Biogas in India
Untapped Resources
With a livestock population of 535.78 million, including about 302 million bovines, India sits on a vast untapped resource for biogas production. This sector not only contributes significantly to the nation’s GDP but also holds the key to a sustainable energy future.
Biogas Composition and Applications
Biogas, primarily composed of methane (55-65%) and carbon dioxide (35-44%), along with traces of other gases, offers a versatile energy solution. From clean cooking fuel to electricity generation and even as a substitute for diesel in engines, biogas stands as a viable, clean alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Its potential extends to producing Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) with up to 98% methane purity, suitable for transportation and high-pressure cylinder filling.
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About the Biogas Programme
Programme Overview
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) in India has taken a monumental step by notifying the National Bioenergy Programme on November 2, 2022. With a budget outlay of Rs. 858 crore, including Rs. 100 Crore specifically allocated for the Biogas Programme, Phase-I aims to support the establishment of small to medium-sized biogas plants across the country.
Objectives and Impact
The programme’s objectives are multifaceted, aiming to provide clean cooking fuel, lighting, and meet the thermal and small power needs of users. Beyond energy production, it seeks to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction, improve sanitation, empower women, and create rural employment. Furthermore, the programme emphasizes the production of organic enriched bio-manure from the digested slurry of biogas plants, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers for farmers.
Technological Advancements and Design Diversity
Over the years, biogas technology has evolved, allowing the bio-methanation of various organic wastes beyond just cattle dung. Today, biogas plant designs range from small family units to large-scale installations for community, institutional, and commercial applications, demonstrating the scalability and adaptability of biogas solutions.
Forward Look
Phase-I of the National Bioenergy Programme marks a significant milestone in India’s journey towards sustainable energy and agricultural practices. By capitalizing on the country’s vast biogas potential, the initiative not only addresses energy security and environmental sustainability but also fosters rural development and women’s empowerment. As the programme unfolds, it promises to transform India’s energy landscape, contributing to a cleaner, greener, and more prosperous future.
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Inauguration of Asia’s Largest CBG Plant in Sangrur: A Milestone in India’s Clean Energy Journey
Union Minister Hardeep S. Puri champions the CBG revolution, promising environmental sustainability and rural empowerment.
In a significant leap towards sustainable development and agricultural advancement, Union Minister Hardeep S. Puri inaugurated Asia’s largest Compressed Bio Gas (CBG) plant in Lehragaga, Sangrur, Punjab on 18 Oct 2022. This landmark event marks the beginning of a transformative era in India’s energy sector, aiming to foster a CBG-based rural economy, reduce carbon emissions, and create a win-win scenario for both farmers and the environment.
The inauguration of Asia’s largest CBG plant in Sangrur by Union Minister Hardeep S. Puri is a monumental step forward in India’s journey towards a sustainable and self-sufficient energy future. This project not only exemplifies the potential of CBG as a clean and green fuel alternative but also highlights the Government’s commitment to promoting an ecosystem that benefits the environment, farmers, and the rural economy at large. As India continues to pave the way for clean energy innovations, the Sangrur CBG plant stands as a model of environmental stewardship and rural empowerment.
CBG Plant: A Catalyst for Change
Investment and Collaboration
The Sangrur CBG facility, set up with an FDI investment of Rs. 220 crores by Germany’s bio-energy leader Verbio AG, stands as a testament to international cooperation in green energy initiatives. The presence of Punjab’s Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann and Verbio India’s senior management at the inauguration underscores the collaborative effort towards achieving India’s clean energy goals.
Aligning with SATAT Scheme
The CBG plant embodies the objectives of the Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT) scheme, launched by the Government of India in October 2018. This scheme envisions a comprehensive ecosystem for CBG production from various waste and biomass sources, aiming to enhance India’s energy self-sufficiency, support rural economies, and lead the global clean energy transition.
Impact and Benefits
The plant, sprawling over 20 acres, is set to process 300 tons of paddy straw daily at full capacity, producing 33 TPD of CBG. This initiative will significantly reduce stubble burning, curtailing 150,000 tons of CO2 emissions annually and aligning with India’s COP26 climate change commitments. Furthermore, the plant will provide direct and indirect employment to nearly 975 individuals, bolstering Sangrur’s rural economy.
Empowering Farmers and the Environment
Sustainable Agricultural Practices
By converting 100,000 tons of paddy straw into CBG and organic manure, the Sangrur plant offers a sustainable alternative to stubble burning, a practice responsible for severe air pollution. The project not only generates a cleaner fuel source but also produces Fermented Organic Manure (FOM), promoting organic farming and enriching soil health.
Economic and Environmental Gains
The initiative stands as a beacon of progress, providing Sangrur’s farmers with an additional income source and contributing to a cleaner, healthier environment. The reduction in stubble burning and the transition to organic manure underscore a significant step towards achieving net-zero emissions by 2070, as outlined in India’s climate change targets.
(India CSR)
