Ethics are the moral principles that guide the conduct of individuals and groups in society. In India, Members of Parliament (MPs) are the elected representatives of the people, who have the responsibility to make laws, oversee the executive, and serve the public interest. MPs are expected to uphold high standards of ethics and integrity in their parliamentary and public duties, and to avoid any conflict of interest, corruption, or misuse of power.
Members of Parliament (MPs) hold a position of public trust and responsibility, tasked with representing the interests of their constituents and upholding the principles of democracy. Their actions and conduct have a profound impact on society, influencing legislation, shaping public discourse, and setting the moral standard for the nation. Therefore, it is imperative that MPs adhere to a strict ethical code that guides their decision-making and ensures they fulfill their duties with integrity and impartiality.
The Mahua Moitra Case: A Test of Ethical Conduct
In recent times, the case of Mahua Moitra, a Trinamool Congress MP from West Bengal, India, has raised critical questions about the ethical conduct of MPs. Moitra was accused of accepting bribes from a businessman in exchange for asking questions in Parliament that targeted a specific corporate group. While Moitra has vehemently denied the allegations, the case has highlighted the potential for corruption and ethical breaches within the political sphere.
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The Pillars of Ethical Conduct for MPs
To maintain public trust and uphold the integrity of the democratic process, MPs must adhere to a set of fundamental ethical principles:
Honesty and Integrity: MPs must be truthful in their dealings, both with their constituents and their colleagues. They must act with transparency and avoid any conflicts of interest that could compromise their judgment.
Accountability: MPs are accountable to their constituents for their actions and decisions. They must be willing to explain their choices and accept responsibility for their conduct.
Respect for the Law and Institutions: MPs must uphold the law and respect the institutions of democracy. They must not engage in any actions that could undermine the rule of law or erode public trust in democratic processes.
Impartiality and Objectivity: MPs must make decisions based on evidence and sound judgment, free from personal biases or vested interests. They should strive to represent the best interests of their constituents, not themselves or their political parties.
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Upholding Ethical Standards: A Collective Responsibility
The onus of upholding ethical standards lies not only with individual MPs but also with the political parties they represent. Parties should have clear ethical guidelines in place and establish mechanisms for addressing ethical breaches. The media and civil society also play a crucial role in holding MPs accountable and ensuring that they adhere to ethical standards.
***
What is Ethics?
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies the moral principles and values that guide the conduct of individuals and groups in society. Ethics is concerned with what is good and bad, right and wrong, and the reasons behind these judgments. Ethics also examines the implications and consequences of human actions for oneself and others. Ethics can be applied to various domains of human life, such as personal, professional, social, political, environmental, etc.
Ethics can also be divided into different types, such as normative ethics, applied ethics, meta-ethics, descriptive ethics, etc. Ethics is not the same as morality, which is the set of rules or norms that people follow or adhere to. Ethics is more about reasoning and analysis, while morality is more about obedience and conformity.
Ethics can help us to evaluate and improve our moral decisions and actions, and to resolve ethical dilemmas or conflicts. Ethics can also help us to develop a better understanding of ourselves and others, and to foster a more ethical and harmonious society.
***
Targeting the Adani Group
However, there have been instances where some MPs have allegedly violated the ethical norms and rules of conduct and faced accusations of misconduct or corruption. One such case is that of Mahua Moitra, an MP from the opposition Trinamool Congress party (TMC), who has been accused of receiving money for asking questions in Parliament targeting the Adani Group, a business conglomerate owned by one of Asia’s richest men, Gautam Adani. This essay will examine the ethical issues involved in this case, and the role of the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee in addressing such cases.
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Ethical issues in Mahua Moitra case
- What are the allegations against Mahua Moitra and how did they emerge?
In October 2023, allegations of bribery and corruption were leveled against Mahua Moitra, a prominent Trinamool Congress MP from West Bengal, India. The accusations centered around claims that Moitra had accepted bribes from a businessman, Darshan Hiranandani, in exchange for asking questions in Parliament that targeted a rival corporate group.
The allegations surfaced in a letter written to Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla by Nishikant Dubey, a BJP MP from Jharkhand. Dubey claimed to have received an affidavit from an advocate, Ashutosh Dehadrai, containing “irrefutable” evidence of the alleged bribes exchanged between Moitra and Hiranandani. Dehadrai further alleged that Moitra’s personal assistant had attempted to coerce him into withdrawing his CBI complaint against Moitra in exchange for returning his dog, Henry.
Moitra vehemently denied the allegations, calling them “baseless” and “politically motivated.” She accused the BJP of attempting to defame her and her party ahead of the 2024 general elections. Moitra also challenged the authenticity of the affidavit, questioning the credibility of the advocate and the timing of its release.
The allegations against Moitra sparked a political storm, with both the BJP and the Trinamool Congress trading accusations. The BJP demanded an investigation into the matter, while the Trinamool Congress dismissed the charges as a “dirty tricks campaign” by the BJP.
The Lok Sabha Speaker has yet to initiate any formal inquiry into the allegations against Moitra. However, the matter has undoubtedly cast a shadow over her reputation and raised concerns about potential ethical breaches within the political sphere.
- What are the possible implications of the allegations for Mahua Moitra, the Adani Group, and the parliamentary democracy?
The allegations against Mahua Moitra, if proven true, could have significant implications for her, the Adani Group, and the parliamentary democracy of India.
Implications for Mahua Moitra: Loss of public trust and reputation: If the allegations are proven, Moitra could face a severe loss of public trust and reputation. She could be expelled from Parliament and barred from holding any public office in the future.
Damage to political career: The allegations could also damage Moitra’s political career. She could lose the support of her party and her constituents, making it difficult for her to be re-elected in the future.
Implications for the Adani Group: Damage to reputation: The allegations could also damage the reputation of the Adani Group, a large Indian conglomerate. The company could face increased scrutiny from regulators and investors.
Legal action: If the allegations are proven, the Adani Group could face legal action. The company could be fined or even forced to divest some of its assets.
Implications for parliamentary democracy: Erosion of public trust in Parliament: The allegations could erode public trust in Parliament. If MPs are seen as corrupt, it could damage the legitimacy of the entire institution.
Undermining of democracy: The allegations could also undermine democracy itself. If MPs are seen as being bought and sold, it could make it difficult for citizens to believe that their voices are being heard.
In addition to these specific implications, the allegations could also have a broader impact on Indian society. They could lead to increased cynicism and distrust of politicians and institutions. They could also make it more difficult for the government to address important issues, such as poverty and corruption.
- How has Mahua Moitra responded to the allegations and defended her actions?
Mahua Moitra has consistently and strongly denied the allegations of bribery and corruption leveled against her. She has maintained that the accusations are baseless and politically motivated, orchestrated by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to discredit her and her party, the Trinamool Congress, ahead of the 2024 general elections.
In response to the allegations, Moitra has taken several steps to defend her actions:
Public statements: She has issued numerous public statements vehemently denying the allegations and condemning the BJP’s attempts to malign her reputation.
Legal action: She has filed a defamation case against the advocate, Ashutosh Dehadrai, who provided the affidavit containing the bribery accusations.
Parliamentary proceedings: She has raised the matter in Parliament, accusing the BJP of using the Lok Sabha platform to spread false and malicious information about her.
Media engagement: She has actively engaged with the media, providing detailed rebuttals to the allegations and highlighting the inconsistencies and contradictions in the BJP’s narrative.
Moitra’s defense has focused on several key points:
Questioning the credibility of the affidavit: She has raised doubts about the authenticity of the affidavit, pointing to discrepancies in the dates and signatures.
Challenging the evidence: She has questioned the validity of the evidence presented against her, suggesting that it is fabricated or misinterpreted.
Highlighting political motives: She has consistently emphasized the political motivations behind the allegations, accusing the BJP of exploiting the matter for their own political gain.
Emphasizing her integrity: She has defended her track record as an MP, pointing to her consistent and vocal opposition to the Adani Group’s business practices.
***
Role of Lok Sabha Ethics Committee
- What is the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee and what are its functions and powers?
The Lok Sabha Ethics Committee is a committee of 15 members appointed by the Speaker for a period of one year. Its function is to examine every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a Member of Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker and make such recommendations as it may deem fit. The committee can recommend potential punishments for the accused MPs, such as suspension for a specified period, but the final decision rests with the House. The committee can also formulate a code of conduct for MPs and oversee their moral and ethical conduct. The committee was established in 2000 by the late Speaker G M C Balayogi, and became a permanent part of the House in 2015.
- How does the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee handle complaints of ethical misconduct against MPs?
The Speaker has the authority to refer complaints against MPs to the Ethics Committee. The committee does not entertain complaints based only on media reports or on matters that are sub judice.
The committee conducts a preliminary inquiry before deciding to proceed with a formal examination and presents its recommendations to the Speaker. A half-hour discussion on the committee’s report is also allowed in the House.
The committee summons the complainants to hear them and cross-examine their allegations. Following that, the concerned MP is called by the panel for deposition.
If the committee finds merit in the complaint, it can recommend potential punishments for the accused MPs, such as suspension for a specified period. The House, which includes all MPs, will ultimately decide whether to accept the committee’s recommendation and determine the nature and extent of the punishment, if any.
If the accused were to be expelled or face a potentially adverse decision, she could challenge it in a court of law. The grounds for challenging such a decision in court are limited and typically include claims of unconstitutionality, gross illegality, or a denial of natural justice.
- What are the limitations and challenges faced by the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee in ensuring the ethical conduct of MPs?
Some of the limitations and challenges faced by the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee are:
Lack of clear definitions for “unethical conduct”, leaving decisions to the committee’s discretion. The committee may not address more serious cases of misconduct or violations of law, as these often go to the Privileges Committee, which has more powers and authority. The committee focuses on maintaining parliamentary discipline but lacks jurisdiction in criminal investigations or prosecutions of MPs involved in corruption or other crimes.
The committee depends on the Speaker’s referral of complaints and does not have the power to initiate suo motu inquiries or investigations. The committee’s proceedings are confidential and not open to the public or the media, which may affect the transparency and accountability of its actions.
- How can the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee be strengthened and improved to deal with cases of ethical misconduct effectively and fairly?
Some possible ways to strengthen and improve the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee are:
Provide clear definitions and guidelines for what constitutes unethical conduct, and ensure consistency and fairness in applying them to different cases. Expand the scope and jurisdiction of the committee to address more serious cases of misconduct or violations of law, and coordinate with the Privileges Committee and other relevant authorities.
Empower the committee to initiate suo motu inquiries or investigations, and not depend solely on the Speaker’s referral of complaints. Make the committee’s proceedings more transparent and accountable, and allow public or media access to its reports and recommendations. Enhance the capacity and expertise of the committee members and staff, and provide them with adequate resources and training.
***
Evolution of Code of Conduct
India’s Initial Steps
In 1964, India adopted a code for Union ministers, advising state governments to implement similar measures.
The Parliament established Ethics Committees in both houses, with the Rajya Sabha’s committee formed in 1997 and the Lok Sabha’s in 2000.
Rajya Sabha’s Code
Since 2005, the Rajya Sabha’s 14-point Code of Conduct has guided members, emphasizing public duty over private interests, ethical voting practices, and the promotion of secular values.
A ‘Register of Member’s Interests’ is available for public scrutiny under the RTI Act.
Lok Sabha’s Code
The Ethics Committee in the Lok Sabha, active since each Lok Sabha from the 13th onwards, develops and revises its code of conduct.
It addresses unethical conduct complaints and suggests appropriate actions.
Global Practices
Internationally, parliamentary codes of conduct are also prominent. The UK established its code in 1995, while Canada’s House of Commons has a dedicated Ethics Commissioner.
Germany has had its code since 1972, the USA since 1968, and Pakistan also maintains a code for Senate members. These global practices underline the importance of ethical governance in democracies.
***
Conclusion
The ethics of a Member of Parliament are not merely personal considerations; they are the bedrock of a functioning democracy. By upholding ethical principles, MPs can maintain public trust, strengthen democratic institutions, and contribute to a society that values honesty, integrity, and the rule of law. The Mahua Moitra case serves as a stark reminder of the importance of ethical conduct among those entrusted with representing the people’s voice. It is an opportunity for MPs, political parties, and society as a whole to reaffirm their commitment to upholding the highest ethical standards in the service of democracy.
Also Read: Morality In Indian Politics: A Historical And Contemporary Overview I India CSR
(Copyright @ India CSR)
Ethics are the moral principles that guide the conduct of individuals and groups in society. In India, Members of Parliament (MPs) are the elected representatives of the people, who have the responsibility to make laws, oversee the executive, and serve the public interest. MPs are expected to uphold high standards of ethics and integrity in their parliamentary and public duties, and to avoid any conflict of interest, corruption, or misuse of power.
Members of Parliament (MPs) hold a position of public trust and responsibility, tasked with representing the interests of their constituents and upholding the principles of democracy. Their actions and conduct have a profound impact on society, influencing legislation, shaping public discourse, and setting the moral standard for the nation. Therefore, it is imperative that MPs adhere to a strict ethical code that guides their decision-making and ensures they fulfill their duties with integrity and impartiality.
The Mahua Moitra Case: A Test of Ethical Conduct
In recent times, the case of Mahua Moitra, a Trinamool Congress MP from West Bengal, India, has raised critical questions about the ethical conduct of MPs. Moitra was accused of accepting bribes from a businessman in exchange for asking questions in Parliament that targeted a specific corporate group. While Moitra has vehemently denied the allegations, the case has highlighted the potential for corruption and ethical breaches within the political sphere.
***
The Pillars of Ethical Conduct for MPs
To maintain public trust and uphold the integrity of the democratic process, MPs must adhere to a set of fundamental ethical principles:
Honesty and Integrity: MPs must be truthful in their dealings, both with their constituents and their colleagues. They must act with transparency and avoid any conflicts of interest that could compromise their judgment.
Accountability: MPs are accountable to their constituents for their actions and decisions. They must be willing to explain their choices and accept responsibility for their conduct.
Respect for the Law and Institutions: MPs must uphold the law and respect the institutions of democracy. They must not engage in any actions that could undermine the rule of law or erode public trust in democratic processes.
Impartiality and Objectivity: MPs must make decisions based on evidence and sound judgment, free from personal biases or vested interests. They should strive to represent the best interests of their constituents, not themselves or their political parties.
***
Upholding Ethical Standards: A Collective Responsibility
The onus of upholding ethical standards lies not only with individual MPs but also with the political parties they represent. Parties should have clear ethical guidelines in place and establish mechanisms for addressing ethical breaches. The media and civil society also play a crucial role in holding MPs accountable and ensuring that they adhere to ethical standards.
***
What is Ethics?
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies the moral principles and values that guide the conduct of individuals and groups in society. Ethics is concerned with what is good and bad, right and wrong, and the reasons behind these judgments. Ethics also examines the implications and consequences of human actions for oneself and others. Ethics can be applied to various domains of human life, such as personal, professional, social, political, environmental, etc.
Ethics can also be divided into different types, such as normative ethics, applied ethics, meta-ethics, descriptive ethics, etc. Ethics is not the same as morality, which is the set of rules or norms that people follow or adhere to. Ethics is more about reasoning and analysis, while morality is more about obedience and conformity.
Ethics can help us to evaluate and improve our moral decisions and actions, and to resolve ethical dilemmas or conflicts. Ethics can also help us to develop a better understanding of ourselves and others, and to foster a more ethical and harmonious society.
***
Targeting the Adani Group
However, there have been instances where some MPs have allegedly violated the ethical norms and rules of conduct and faced accusations of misconduct or corruption. One such case is that of Mahua Moitra, an MP from the opposition Trinamool Congress party (TMC), who has been accused of receiving money for asking questions in Parliament targeting the Adani Group, a business conglomerate owned by one of Asia’s richest men, Gautam Adani. This essay will examine the ethical issues involved in this case, and the role of the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee in addressing such cases.
***
Ethical issues in Mahua Moitra case
- What are the allegations against Mahua Moitra and how did they emerge?
In October 2023, allegations of bribery and corruption were leveled against Mahua Moitra, a prominent Trinamool Congress MP from West Bengal, India. The accusations centered around claims that Moitra had accepted bribes from a businessman, Darshan Hiranandani, in exchange for asking questions in Parliament that targeted a rival corporate group.
The allegations surfaced in a letter written to Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla by Nishikant Dubey, a BJP MP from Jharkhand. Dubey claimed to have received an affidavit from an advocate, Ashutosh Dehadrai, containing “irrefutable” evidence of the alleged bribes exchanged between Moitra and Hiranandani. Dehadrai further alleged that Moitra’s personal assistant had attempted to coerce him into withdrawing his CBI complaint against Moitra in exchange for returning his dog, Henry.
Moitra vehemently denied the allegations, calling them “baseless” and “politically motivated.” She accused the BJP of attempting to defame her and her party ahead of the 2024 general elections. Moitra also challenged the authenticity of the affidavit, questioning the credibility of the advocate and the timing of its release.
The allegations against Moitra sparked a political storm, with both the BJP and the Trinamool Congress trading accusations. The BJP demanded an investigation into the matter, while the Trinamool Congress dismissed the charges as a “dirty tricks campaign” by the BJP.
The Lok Sabha Speaker has yet to initiate any formal inquiry into the allegations against Moitra. However, the matter has undoubtedly cast a shadow over her reputation and raised concerns about potential ethical breaches within the political sphere.
- What are the possible implications of the allegations for Mahua Moitra, the Adani Group, and the parliamentary democracy?
The allegations against Mahua Moitra, if proven true, could have significant implications for her, the Adani Group, and the parliamentary democracy of India.
Implications for Mahua Moitra: Loss of public trust and reputation: If the allegations are proven, Moitra could face a severe loss of public trust and reputation. She could be expelled from Parliament and barred from holding any public office in the future.
Damage to political career: The allegations could also damage Moitra’s political career. She could lose the support of her party and her constituents, making it difficult for her to be re-elected in the future.
Implications for the Adani Group: Damage to reputation: The allegations could also damage the reputation of the Adani Group, a large Indian conglomerate. The company could face increased scrutiny from regulators and investors.
Legal action: If the allegations are proven, the Adani Group could face legal action. The company could be fined or even forced to divest some of its assets.
Implications for parliamentary democracy: Erosion of public trust in Parliament: The allegations could erode public trust in Parliament. If MPs are seen as corrupt, it could damage the legitimacy of the entire institution.
Undermining of democracy: The allegations could also undermine democracy itself. If MPs are seen as being bought and sold, it could make it difficult for citizens to believe that their voices are being heard.
In addition to these specific implications, the allegations could also have a broader impact on Indian society. They could lead to increased cynicism and distrust of politicians and institutions. They could also make it more difficult for the government to address important issues, such as poverty and corruption.
- How has Mahua Moitra responded to the allegations and defended her actions?
Mahua Moitra has consistently and strongly denied the allegations of bribery and corruption leveled against her. She has maintained that the accusations are baseless and politically motivated, orchestrated by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to discredit her and her party, the Trinamool Congress, ahead of the 2024 general elections.
In response to the allegations, Moitra has taken several steps to defend her actions:
Public statements: She has issued numerous public statements vehemently denying the allegations and condemning the BJP’s attempts to malign her reputation.
Legal action: She has filed a defamation case against the advocate, Ashutosh Dehadrai, who provided the affidavit containing the bribery accusations.
Parliamentary proceedings: She has raised the matter in Parliament, accusing the BJP of using the Lok Sabha platform to spread false and malicious information about her.
Media engagement: She has actively engaged with the media, providing detailed rebuttals to the allegations and highlighting the inconsistencies and contradictions in the BJP’s narrative.
Moitra’s defense has focused on several key points:
Questioning the credibility of the affidavit: She has raised doubts about the authenticity of the affidavit, pointing to discrepancies in the dates and signatures.
Challenging the evidence: She has questioned the validity of the evidence presented against her, suggesting that it is fabricated or misinterpreted.
Highlighting political motives: She has consistently emphasized the political motivations behind the allegations, accusing the BJP of exploiting the matter for their own political gain.
Emphasizing her integrity: She has defended her track record as an MP, pointing to her consistent and vocal opposition to the Adani Group’s business practices.
***
Role of Lok Sabha Ethics Committee
- What is the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee and what are its functions and powers?
The Lok Sabha Ethics Committee is a committee of 15 members appointed by the Speaker for a period of one year. Its function is to examine every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a Member of Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker and make such recommendations as it may deem fit. The committee can recommend potential punishments for the accused MPs, such as suspension for a specified period, but the final decision rests with the House. The committee can also formulate a code of conduct for MPs and oversee their moral and ethical conduct. The committee was established in 2000 by the late Speaker G M C Balayogi, and became a permanent part of the House in 2015.
- How does the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee handle complaints of ethical misconduct against MPs?
The Speaker has the authority to refer complaints against MPs to the Ethics Committee. The committee does not entertain complaints based only on media reports or on matters that are sub judice.
The committee conducts a preliminary inquiry before deciding to proceed with a formal examination and presents its recommendations to the Speaker. A half-hour discussion on the committee’s report is also allowed in the House.
The committee summons the complainants to hear them and cross-examine their allegations. Following that, the concerned MP is called by the panel for deposition.
If the committee finds merit in the complaint, it can recommend potential punishments for the accused MPs, such as suspension for a specified period. The House, which includes all MPs, will ultimately decide whether to accept the committee’s recommendation and determine the nature and extent of the punishment, if any.
If the accused were to be expelled or face a potentially adverse decision, she could challenge it in a court of law. The grounds for challenging such a decision in court are limited and typically include claims of unconstitutionality, gross illegality, or a denial of natural justice.
- What are the limitations and challenges faced by the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee in ensuring the ethical conduct of MPs?
Some of the limitations and challenges faced by the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee are:
Lack of clear definitions for “unethical conduct”, leaving decisions to the committee’s discretion. The committee may not address more serious cases of misconduct or violations of law, as these often go to the Privileges Committee, which has more powers and authority. The committee focuses on maintaining parliamentary discipline but lacks jurisdiction in criminal investigations or prosecutions of MPs involved in corruption or other crimes.
The committee depends on the Speaker’s referral of complaints and does not have the power to initiate suo motu inquiries or investigations. The committee’s proceedings are confidential and not open to the public or the media, which may affect the transparency and accountability of its actions.
- How can the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee be strengthened and improved to deal with cases of ethical misconduct effectively and fairly?
Some possible ways to strengthen and improve the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee are:
Provide clear definitions and guidelines for what constitutes unethical conduct, and ensure consistency and fairness in applying them to different cases. Expand the scope and jurisdiction of the committee to address more serious cases of misconduct or violations of law, and coordinate with the Privileges Committee and other relevant authorities.
Empower the committee to initiate suo motu inquiries or investigations, and not depend solely on the Speaker’s referral of complaints. Make the committee’s proceedings more transparent and accountable, and allow public or media access to its reports and recommendations. Enhance the capacity and expertise of the committee members and staff, and provide them with adequate resources and training.
***
Evolution of Code of Conduct
India’s Initial Steps
In 1964, India adopted a code for Union ministers, advising state governments to implement similar measures.
The Parliament established Ethics Committees in both houses, with the Rajya Sabha’s committee formed in 1997 and the Lok Sabha’s in 2000.
Rajya Sabha’s Code
Since 2005, the Rajya Sabha’s 14-point Code of Conduct has guided members, emphasizing public duty over private interests, ethical voting practices, and the promotion of secular values.
A ‘Register of Member’s Interests’ is available for public scrutiny under the RTI Act.
Lok Sabha’s Code
The Ethics Committee in the Lok Sabha, active since each Lok Sabha from the 13th onwards, develops and revises its code of conduct.
It addresses unethical conduct complaints and suggests appropriate actions.
Global Practices
Internationally, parliamentary codes of conduct are also prominent. The UK established its code in 1995, while Canada’s House of Commons has a dedicated Ethics Commissioner.
Germany has had its code since 1972, the USA since 1968, and Pakistan also maintains a code for Senate members. These global practices underline the importance of ethical governance in democracies.
***
Conclusion
The ethics of a Member of Parliament are not merely personal considerations; they are the bedrock of a functioning democracy. By upholding ethical principles, MPs can maintain public trust, strengthen democratic institutions, and contribute to a society that values honesty, integrity, and the rule of law. The Mahua Moitra case serves as a stark reminder of the importance of ethical conduct among those entrusted with representing the people’s voice. It is an opportunity for MPs, political parties, and society as a whole to reaffirm their commitment to upholding the highest ethical standards in the service of democracy.
Also Read: Morality In Indian Politics: A Historical And Contemporary Overview I India CSR
(Copyright @ India CSR)
